Head & Neck Cancer Diagnosis: What to Expect During Testing with Dr. Kanishka Sarkar
Introduction
Head and neck cancers affect critical areas such as the throat, voice box, sinuses, and salivary glands. Since these cancers often present with subtle symptoms, early detection is essential for effective treatment. Dr. Kanishka Sarkar, a leading specialist in head and neck cancer, walks us through the diagnostic process to help patients understand what to expect.
1. Medical History and Physical Examination
The first step in diagnosing head and neck cancer is a detailed discussion about symptoms, medical history, and lifestyle factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, and HPV infection. Dr. Sarkar conducts a thorough physical examination, focusing on the mouth, throat, lymph nodes, and any unusual growths or swelling.
2. Imaging Tests for Accurate Diagnosis
To get a clearer picture of the affected areas, doctors may use imaging tests such as:
- X-rays – To detect abnormalities in the jaw or chest.
- CT Scan (Computed Tomography) – Provides detailed cross-sectional images to assess tumor size and location.
- MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) – Helps evaluate soft tissues and detect tumor spread.
- PET Scan (Positron Emission Tomography) – Identifies cancerous cells and determines if the cancer has spread.
3. Endoscopy and Laryngoscopy
For a closer examination, an endoscope (a thin, flexible tube with a camera) is inserted into the throat or nasal passages. This allows doctors to inspect hard-to-reach areas, such as the voice box and sinuses, for abnormal growths.
4. Biopsy: The Most Crucial Step
A biopsy is the only definitive way to confirm cancer. There are different types of biopsies used for head and neck cancers:
- Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) Biopsy – Extracts tissue from a lump using a thin needle.
- Incisional Biopsy – Removes a small section of the suspicious tissue for analysis.
- Excisional Biopsy – Removes an entire lump or growth for testing.
5. Laboratory and Genetic Testing
Additional tests, such as blood work and HPV testing, may be done to provide further insights into the cancer type and guide treatment planning.
Conclusion
Diagnosing head and neck cancer involves a series of precise tests to ensure an accurate diagnosis. With expertise from specialists like Dr. Kanishka Sarkar, patients can expect a thorough evaluation and timely treatment recommendations. If you experience persistent symptoms, consult a specialist as early detection can significantly improve treatment outcomes.