Uterine (Endometrial) Cancer: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Advanced Treatment Options with Dr. Kanishka Sarkar
Uterine (endometrial) cancer is one of the most common gynecological cancers affecting women worldwide. Early diagnosis and effective treatment can greatly improve outcomes. Dr. Kanishka Sarkar, a leading specialist in gynecologic oncology, shares insights on the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and cutting-edge treatment options for uterine cancer.
What is Uterine (Endometrial) Cancer?
Uterine cancer develops in the lining of the uterus, known as the endometrium. It is most commonly diagnosed in postmenopausal women but can also affect younger women with certain risk factors.
Causes and Risk Factors
While the exact cause of uterine cancer remains unclear, several factors increase the risk:
- Hormonal Imbalances: Excess estrogen without sufficient progesterone can cause abnormal cell growth.
- Obesity: Higher estrogen levels due to excess fat tissue increase cancer risk.
- Age: Most cases occur in women over 50.
- Diabetes: Women with diabetes are at a higher risk due to insulin resistance.
- Family History: A genetic predisposition to uterine, ovarian, or colorectal cancer.
- Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Hormonal imbalances that contribute to endometrial overgrowth.
Symptoms of Uterine (Endometrial) Cancer
Early detection plays a crucial role in treatment success. Common symptoms include:
- Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding: The most noticeable sign, particularly postmenopausal bleeding.
- Pelvic Pain or Pressure: Persistent discomfort in the lower abdomen.
- Unusual Vaginal Discharge: Watery or blood-tinged discharge without infection.
- Pain During Urination or Intercourse: May indicate advanced disease progression.
Diagnostic Methods
Dr. Kanishka Sarkar emphasizes the importance of accurate diagnosis through:
- Pelvic Exam: A routine checkup to assess abnormalities.
- Transvaginal Ultrasound: Imaging to evaluate the uterine lining thickness.
- Endometrial Biopsy: A tissue sample taken from the uterus for laboratory analysis.
- Hysteroscopy: A procedure to examine the uterus with a thin, lighted instrument.
- MRI & CT Scans: Advanced imaging to determine cancer spread.
Advanced Treatment Options for Uterine Cancer
The treatment approach depends on the stage of cancer and the patient’s overall health.
1. Surgery
- Hysterectomy: The primary treatment, involving the removal of the uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes.
- Lymph Node Removal: Helps determine if cancer has spread.
2. Radiation Therapy
- Used before or after surgery to eliminate remaining cancer cells.
- External beam radiation and internal brachytherapy are common techniques.
3. Hormone Therapy
- Used in cases where surgery is not an option, hormone therapy slows cancer growth.
4. Chemotherapy
- Recommended for aggressive or advanced-stage cancers.
5. Targeted Therapy & Immunotherapy
- Targeted Therapy: Attacks specific cancer cell mutations.
- Immunotherapy: Boosts the body’s immune system to fight cancer cells.
Prevention and Lifestyle Modifications
Dr. Kanishka Sarkar advises women to take preventive steps, including:
- Maintaining a Healthy Weight to regulate estrogen levels.
- Regular Physical Activity to lower cancer risk.
- Healthy Diet Choices rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
- Managing Diabetes and PCOS with proper medical care.
Conclusion
Uterine (endometrial) cancer is a serious but treatable condition when detected early. Regular check-ups, awareness of symptoms, and expert medical guidance from specialists like Dr. Kanishka Sarkar can help ensure timely diagnosis and optimal treatment.
If you are experiencing symptoms or have concerns about your risk factors, schedule a consultation with Dr. Kanishka Sarkar today for expert advice and personalized care.